IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH)

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data files provide access to measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, LGBTQ+ persons and women. The individual datasets are listed below. 

RACE AND ETHNICITY

Educational Inequity

By County, pooled over 5 years 2006-2010 through 2018-2022.Ratio between the proportion of people aged 25 years and older identifying as White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, with a college degree or higher and the proportion of people aged 25 years and older identifying as a different race/ethnic group with a college degree or higher.

Employment Inequity

By County, pooled over 5 years 2006-2010 through 2018-2022.Ratio between the proportion of people aged 16-64, in the civilian labor force, who are employed and identify as White alone, not Hispanic or Latino and the proportion of people aged 16-64, in the civilian labor force, who are employed and identify as a different race/ethnic group.

Homeownership Inequity

By County, pooled over 5 years 2006-2010 through 2018-2022. Ratio between the proportion of householders identifying as White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, who own (as opposed to renting) their home and the proportion of householders identifying as a different race/ethnic group who own their home.

Income Inequity

By County, pooled over 5 years 2006-2010 through 2018-2022. Income inequity is measured using the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE). ICE is a measure of social polarization within a particular geographic unit. It shows whether people or households in a geographic unit are concentrated in privileged or deprived extremes. Our privileged group is the number of households with a householder identifying as White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, with an income equal to or greater than $100,000. Our deprived group is the number of households with a householder identifying as a different race/ethnic group (e.g., Black alone, Asian alone, Hispanic or Latino), with an income equal to or less than $25,000.

Residential Segregation – Index of Dissimilarity Inequity

By County, pooled over 5 years 2006-2010 through 2018-2022.Residential segregation measures the physical separation of population groups into different areas (i.e., neighborhoods) in a geographic unit (i.e., a county or city). We report the index of dissimilarity (D) for United States counties in our data file. The index of dissimilarity is a measure of evenness and measures the proportion of a group’s population that must move so that each sub-county geographic unit in a county has the same proportion of that group as the county. We use census tracts as our sub-county geographic unit because census tracts nest within counties.

GENDER

Abortion Access (by State, monthly 2009-2022).

The state-level abortion access measure reports the proportion of a state’s females aged 15-44 who reside in counties with an abortion provider by year and month from 2009-2022.

Domestic Violence and Gun Ownership (by State, annually 1991-2020).

The state-level domestic violence and gun ownership measure denotes whether a state has a law that prohibits domestic violence offenders from owning firearms above and beyond federal law.

Earnings Ratio (by State, annually 2015-2022).

The state-level earnings ratio compares the median earnings of full-time wage and salary workers identifying as male to the median earnings of full-time wage and salary workers identifying as female in a given state in a given year.

Labor Force Ratio

By State, annually 2015-2022. The state-level labor force ratio compares the proportion of men in the labor force to the proportion of women in the labor force in a given state in a given year.

Paid Family and Medical Leave

By State, annually 2004-2023. The state-level paid family & medical leave measure denotes whether a state has a law that guarantees paid family & medical leave for employees.

Proportion of State Legislators Identifying as Female

By State, annually 2015-2023. The measure captures the proportion of state legislators who identify as female. We compute the proportion for the state legislature as a whole and for the state house and senate legislative chambers.

Poverty Ratio

By State, 2015-2023. The state-level poverty ratio compares the proportion of females living in poverty to the proportion of males living in poverty in a given state in a given year.

Proportion Identifying as LGBTQ+

By State, late 2021 – early 2022. The proportion of a state’s population identifying as LGBTQ+ in the U.S. Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey, Phases 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5.

Same-sex households

By County, 2020. The proportion of (1) same-sex unions among all unions, (2) same-sex marriages among all marriages, (3) same-sex marriages among all same-sex unions, and (4) same-sex unions among all households.

POLITICS

County Presidential Results (by County, 2000-2020)

The proportion of votes cast for the Democratic candidate or the Republican candidate in presidential elections.

State Presidential Results (by State, 1976-2020)

The proportion of votes cast for the Democratic candidate or the Republican candidate in presidential elections.